The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming economies and societies worldwide, presenting both immense opportunities and complex challenges for South Asia. As a region known for its diverse geography, growing economies, young tech-savvy workforce, and cultural heterogeneity, Southeast Asia is well-positioned to harness AI for innovation, competitiveness, and social good. However, realizing the full potential of AI in the region requires navigating a complex web of historical, political, and economic factors, including the region’s colonial past, its structural inequalities, weak states, and its position within the global economic system. This chapter explores the opportunities and challenges of AI for economic development in South Asia, drawing on insights from political economy, philosophy, history, science and technological studies, and other disciplines.
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